IPC SPECIAL ISSUE ON CLOVES - FEBRUARY, 2020 PART 1

#CLOVES #INDONESIA

A little bit of History


The distribution of clove plants out of the Moluccas began in 1769. The spread of clove plants to regions of Indonesia such as Java, Sumatra and Kalimantan began in 1870. Today, clove plants have spread throughout the world.

Producing Areas

In 2019, the top 10 largest area of cloves cultivation were estimated to be North Sulawesi Province with 74,940 Ha, Central Sulawesi Province with 71,704 Ha, South Sulawesi Province with 63,136 Ha, East Java Province with 46,043 Ha, Maluku Province with 44,161 Ha, Central Java Province with 42,037 Ha, West Java Province with 35,697 Ha, South East Sulawesi with 31,388 Ha, Aceh Province with 25,530 Ha and North Maluku Province with 21,157 Ha.

Harvest in Indonesia

Harvest season in various producing area in Indonesia varied depending on the local climatic conditions. In Sumatra Island: flower buds grow between October - November and the harvest season is around April - June. Whilst, in Java Island: flower buds grow from November to January, so the harvest falls in May - July. In Maluku Island: flower buds grow between May - July and harvest season is between October - January. Whilst, in other areas the harvest occurred between July - October. Though, generally clove flowering and harvesting in Indonesia occur once a year, the harvest lasts a minimum of three months. Normally, cloves planting at 15 - 20 years of age would be able to produce around 3 kg per tree.

Uses of Cloves in Indonesia

In 2018, Indonesia as the largest producer of cloves in the world contributed to 74% or 123,399 Mt of global production and followed by Madagascar with 14% or 23,325 Mt. Since the 21st century, Indonesia became the largest cloves producer and consumer countries. Cloves in Indonesia are mostly used to supply the cigarette factories. Therefore, from the industrial side, Indonesia domestic production has met the needs of the processing sector. Furthermore, in 2019 the need for processing sector was estimated at 110,000 Mt which was around 83% of the total production and was fully absorbed by cigarette companies such as PT. Djarum Kudus, PT. Gudang Garam, PT. Sampoerna, etc.

Area of Production

The area under cloves cultivation in Indonesia fluctuated with a rather increasing trend. During 1961-2018 Indonesia area of plantation was reported with significant increase of 541,212 Ha. The average increase of cloves area of plantation in the course of half century was recorded 9% per year with the highest increase recorded in 1968 with an increase of 96% as compared with the previous year. In 2018, the area under cloves cultivation in Indonesia recorded the largest ever in the history with a total of 561,212 Ha, recording an increase of 2% when compared to 2017. Furthermore, for the year 2019 the area under cloves cultivation was estimated to increase by 2% to 571,305 Ha. The increase in the area of cloves plantation could be contributed to the massive cloves demand from domestic and international cloves market (Table 2).

Production of Cloves

Indonesian production of cloves during 1961-2018 was also fluctuated with a rather positive trend, recording an increase of 116,399 Mt to a total of 123,399 Mt in 2018. The average increase of cloves production in the past 58 year was reported by 11% per year with the highest increase recorded in 1966 with an increase of 103% as compared to the previous year. Furthermore, the highest production of Indonesia cloves was reported in 2015 with 139,641 Mt whilst the lowest occurred in 1962 with only 6,600 Mt. In addition, production of Indonesia cloves in 2019 was estimated to decrease by 3% when compared to 2018 to a total of 120,000 Mt.

Productivity

Cloves productivity in Indonesia during 1961-2018 was reported to be fluctuated with a rather stable trend. In the past 3 years cloves productivity in Indonesia saw decreasing trend to a total of 220 Kg per Ha in 2018. Since 1961 to 2018, cloves productivity in Indonesia was reported with a decrease by 37%. The average increase of cloves productivity in Indonesia was reported at 2% per year and the highest was reported in 1973 with 483 Kg per Ha whilst the lowest occurred in 1985 with only 144 Kg per Ha (Table 3). Furthermore, in 2019, Indonesia cloves productivity was estimated at 210 Kg per Ha or a decrease of 4% as compared to 2018. Despite Indonesian Government efforts in recent years developing a superior seed of clove which could be used by planters to replanting old or damaged plants andalso to boost the productivity of cloves plantations as well as the Directorate General of Plantations of Indonesia application of good agricultural practices (GAP) to clove plantation in vario us clove producing area, Indonesia's clove productivity was yet to show an increase trend following a decreasing streak which started in 2016.

SEE NEXT TOMORROW - EXPORTS & PRICES

This report was elaborated under the supervision of International Pepper Community and information provided by the sources below:
- International Trade Centre (ITC) - Geneva
- Food and Agricultural Organization (FAO)
- Agricultural Commodity Export-Import Database, Ministry of Agriculture of the Republic of Indonesia
- Agricultural Commodity Price Information, Ministry of Agriculture of the Republic of Indonesia
- Directorate General of Estate Crops, Ministry of Agriculture of the Republic of Indonesia

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VIETNAM - #PEPPER MARKET UPDATE 25TH FEB 2020 – WEEK 9;

#PEPPER:

Vietnam;
Pepper market firmer and increasing tone around 100$ from last week. Exporters have been covering short position for Feb/First Half March shipment beside some middleman/collectors buying huge quantity to keep stock. We heard some demand coming from China (Pay Full Tax) for prompt shipment that encourage farmers hold on and not offer in bulk. Good demand coming from Middle East/Nepal/India for March/April shipment especially black pepper 5mm bold cause shortage BOLD raw material in this time. USA customer more interesting to cover full year shipment but processor/exporters hesitate to offer long shipment. 

China;
The borderline start opening but not easy to clear cargo from trucking like before. The business in border trade maybe continue very tight until second quarter.

Brazil
Market uptrend continue and stock limited. Exporters cautious to offer second quarters shipment.

IPC- SPECIAL ISSUE ON CLOVE - FEBRUARY, 2020 EXTRACT

Starting this week we´ll be publishing a comprehensive report about Cloves Market, docused on Indonesia.
Due to extension of the information we are publishing extracts with important information.
Follow us next week to get a comprehensive picture of present days Cloves Situation.

This report was elaborated under the supervision of International Pepper Community and information provided by the sources below:
- International Trade Centre (ITC) - Geneva
- Food and Agricultural Organization (FAO)
- Agricultural Commodity Export-Import Database, Ministry of Agriculture of the Republic of Indonesia
- Agricultural Commodity Price Information, Ministry of Agriculture of the Republic of Indonesia
- Directorate General of Estate Crops, Ministry of Agriculture of the Republic of Indonesia


SUMMARIZING

Farm gate price of cloves in Indonesia in the first quarter of 2019 fluctuated with a rather negatively outlook (Table 12). During that period, in several regency of cloves producer, clove farm gate price was reported to have recorded the highest price with IDR 100,000 per Kg (USD 7.0 per Kg) in January and February at Bima Regency and in January at Cianjur Regency, whilst the lowest price occurred in February at Ende Regency with only IDR 79,000 per Kg (USD 5.6 per Kg). Furthermore, the average farm gate price of cloves in most regions in Indonesia during January-April 2019 was recorded at IDR 85,139 per Kg (USD 6.02 per Kg).

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CHECK NEXT WEEK FOR THE FULL REPORT

#PEPPER - SPICES MARKET UPDATE 21ST FEB 2020 – WEEK 8

Vietnam; Pepper market after being stable for 2 weeks, has shown more signs of bullish trend when prices have increased by about 40 - 50$/MT in the past 2 days.

Currently, the pepper harvesting spread all area in Vietnam, but it is expected to peak season arriving in next 2-3 weeks. However, Due to the low price of pepper, many farmers have lost money, they do not take well care and focus on harvesting as in previous years.

Many farmers harvesting by themselves instead of hire worker to reduce their labor costs. This will take to longer harvesting times than before and raw material of new crop to the market is very slow.

Most of the farmers only sell raw material as little as possible and this year's storage trend is much bigger than before. Although it is in pepper season that not easy to buy large quantities like before.

Exporters still have to covering raw material for February/FH March shipment so the price trend maybe stable in the next 1-2 weeks is foreseen.

The low price has also stimulated several agents, collectors as well as traders to buy more and stockpiling.

China; The borderline continues to close, but both governments Vietnam and China have regulations to make goods exchange and trading more favorable than before. We hope the Corona Virus will be shut down soon and the border trade will going smoothly in the next weeks.

India; We heard market firmer, Malabar black pepper an increase of 1% as compared to the previous week.

Indonesia;  Black and white pepper was reported stable.

Malaysia/Srilanka;  Black and white pepper with a 2% and 1% easier to the previous week

Brazil; Market uptrend, farmer/exporters hesitate to offer with discounting on the price. Stock we heard less and limited to offer March/April shipment.

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GULFOOD 2020 - IS CLOSING TODAY

See you all again next year from 21 - 25 February 2021.

Today, the sun sets on Gulfood’s silver jubilee, but the wow moments enclosed are as good as gold!

As Gulfood 2020 bids adieu today, we want to take the chance to extend a huge thanks to all our enthusiastic visitors, dedicated exhibitors, influential speakers, celebrity guest stars, sponsors and supportive partners for helping us to make our 25th anniversary edition a celebration to be remembered and playing a vital role in enticing the public to Rethink Food for a brighter and more sustainable future.

As we close doors, we wanted to leave you with a short recap of wow moments, innovative breakthroughs, and inspirational food lessons.  

See you all again next year from 21 - 25 February 2021.

VIEW SHOW PHOTOS

#FEDECOVERA #CHOCOA AD

What's Next for #Chlorpyrifos and #Chlorpyrifos-methyl in Europe

With Commission Implementation Regulation EU 2020/17 and EU 2020/18 which came into force on 16 January 2020, European countries were required to withdraw authorisations for pesticide containing chlorpyrifos and chlorpyrifos-methyl by 16 February 2020 with grace period permitted until 16 April 2020.

In addition the Standing Committee on Plants, Animals, Food and Feed section Phytopharmaceutical - Residues is scheduled to convene on a meeting during 17 - 18 February 2020 in which one of the agenda of discussion is exchange of views and possible opinion of the Committee on a draft Commission Regulation EU amending Annexes II and V to Regulation (EC) No. 396/2005 of the European Parliament and of the Council as regards maximum residue levels for chlorpyrifos and chlorpyrifos-methyl in and on certain products. Upon the adoption of the aforementioned draft Commission Regulation, the maximum residue levels of all product for active substance chlorpyrifos and chlorpyrifos-methyl will be lowered to 0.01 mg/kg and would come into force in October 2020.

With the new MRLs coming into force in October 2020, the downstream stakeholders of agricultural industry including the spice industry would take a significant blow. As for spice the cycle of farming, harvesting, exporting and trading would at least take a total of three years, farmers would not only lose a significant tool in managing destructive pests which could diminish their ability in obtaining sufficient yield, they would also be unable to export product containing residues to the EU which in worst case scenario would last for the next 2-3 years taking into account the cycle of industry. Furthermore, in regards of pepper, the new MRLs would give another blow to the ongoing downtrend of pepper price as farmer have to start finding other biological pesticide to replace chlorpyrifos at probably much higher cost in order to keep yielding the same amount.

The stream of commerce would take a massive hit, as the significantly short transitional period for such widely used pesticide would mean that all of already manufactured products as well as currently on store shelves were rendered out of compliance with the new MRL requirement and needed to be destroyed. Thus, resulting to a serious financial drawback of the pepper commerce industry.

Furthermore, with the implementation of the new MRLs in October 2020, it would mean a significant disruption of spices supply to the European Countries in particular pepper as most pepper producing countries like Indonesia, Viet Nam and Brazil which supply most of European Countries pepper need, are currently still regulated chlorpyrifos and chlorpyrifos-methyl for agricultural use. With the prospect of consignment being turned down to enter EU due to residue of chlorpyrifos, scarcity of pepper stock in the European Countries is imminent.


Source:
- Brazil, Unofficial source (Coreimex, CSG Trade)
- India: AISEF, NCDEX, Indian Chamber of Commerce & Industry, Spices Board India
- Indonesia: Unofficial source
- Malaysia: Malaysian Pepper Board
- Sri Lanka: Department of Export Agriculture
- Viet Nam : Viet Nam Pepper Association, HCMC
- China: Hainan Pepper Association, China Spice Association
- Office of Agricultural Economics of Thailand
- A.A. SAYIA & Company
- International Trade Centre (ITC) - Geneva

Note: Some of the data in this publication are from the IPC database. The data are obtained from official reports and correspondence between the IPC and Sri Lanka and have been processed based on statistical norms that can be accounted for. 

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