HIGHLIGHT ON BRAZIL
Production and Productivity
Brazil as one of the major pepper producing and exporting countries known for its Black Pepper, has a more competitive price as opposed to other origins. Brazil cultivates its pepper partially in Para State (Pa) North of Brazil and Espirito Santos (Es) South of Brazil. Furthermore, Brazil has also surpassed Indonesia as the second largest pepper producer in the world with estimated quantity of 95,000 Mt in 2020.
During 2009-2020 the area under pepper cultivation in Brazil had fluctuated with an increasing trend. Between 2009-2016, area under pepper cultivation in Brazil saw a decrease by 6% to a total of 25,660 Ha from 27,415 Ha in 2009. The area under pepper cultivation in Brazil saw an increasing trend during 2016-2020 with an increase of 20% to a total of 30,700 Ha. In the course of 12 years between 2009-2020 total area under pepper cultivation in Brazil recorded an increase by 12% . Furthermore, in 2020 the area under pepper cultivation in Brazil was estimated to decrease by 1% as compared to 2019 to a total of 30,700 Ha. Whilst, for the year 2021 the area of pepper cultivation was projected to be stable and unchanged.
Brazil production of pepper during 2009-2020 was reported fluctuating with a rather positive trend. In the course 12 years since 2009 pepper production in Brazil was reported to have recorded an increase of 133% as it estimated a total of 95,000 Mt in 2020. The highest production of Brazil pepper in the course of 12 years between 2009-2020 was reported in 2020 with an estimation of 95,000 Mt whilst the lowest production occurred in 2012 with 32,000 Mt. However, in the year 2021 production of Brazil pepper was projected to decrease by 5% when compared with 2020 to a total of 90,000 Mt.
Pepper productivity in Brazil in the course of 12 years between 2009-2020 was reported to be fluctuated with a rather positive trend. During 2009-2020, the lowest pepper productivity in Brazil was reported in 2010 with 1,462 Kg per Ha while the highest productivity was reported in 2020 which was estimated at 3,094 Kg per Mt. The lowest decrease of pepper productivity in Brazil was reported to occur in 2016 as it recorded a 19% loss when compared with the previous year. Whilst the highest increase of pepper productivity was reported in 2017 which recorded a 45% increase as opposed to the previous year. For the year 2020, Brazil pepper productivity was estimated with an increase of 20% as opposed to 2019 to 3,094 Kg per Ha. Whilst in 2021 Brazil pepper productivity was projected with a decrease by 5% to 2,932 Kg per Ha .
Pepper Export from Brazil
Brazil, known as the second largest pepper producer in the world, had managed to take the second largest pepper exporter position from Indonesia in 2017. Since 2009 until 2020 there had been a significant increase of 151% or 53,986 Mt in the quantity of pepper exported from Brazil which was mainly dominated with black pepper as it contributed to 94% of the total export figures . The highest pepper export occurred in 2020 with 89,756 Mt whilst the lowest export occurred in 2012 with 29,129 Mt. In 2020, pepper export from Brazil was reported at 89,756 Mt which comprised of 86,166 Mt of black pepper and 3,590 Mt of white pepper. Thus, recording an increase of 6% as opposed to the previous year.
The number of pepper exports from Brazil had reportedly fluctuated in the last 2 years. The total export by Brazil in the past 24 months was reported at 174,432 Mt with total value as high as USD 364.9 Million. The average pepper export from Brazil was reported to be 7,268 Mt per month. The highest pepper export of Brazil occurred in October 2019 which reached 11,119 Mt whilst the lowest was reported in July 2019 with 3,046 Mt (Table 10). The high level of exports during that period (October) correlated closely to Brazil harvest season.
Pepper from Brazil is exported to various countries around the world (Table 11). In 2020, the top 10 country of destinations for Brazilian pepper were reported to be Germany with 13,281 Mt (Contributed to 15% of Brazil's total pepper export in 2020), Viet Nam with 12,173 Mt (14%), United States of America with 11,993 Mt (13%), Morocco with 7,486 Mt (8%), Egypt with 6,728 Mt (7%), United Arab Emirates with 5,117 (6%), India with 4,251 Mt (5%), Pakistan with 3,650 Mt (4%), Netherlands with 2,870 Mt (3%) and Mexico with 2,565 (2.9%).
Pepper Export Price
Brazil pepper export price had fluctuated significantly in the past three years which could be attributed to the world supply of pepper significantly exceeding the global demand. In 2018, the average export price for Brazilian pepper was reported at USD 2,835 per Mt with the highest prices recorded in January with USD 3,509 per Mt whilst the lowest price was reported in November with USD 2,195 per Mt.
In 2019, the average export price of Brazilian pepper was reported at USD 2,148 per Mt, recording a decreased of 23% as compared to 2018. In 2019, the highest price was reported to have reached USD 2,316 per Mt (July 2019) recording a deficit by 25% as compared to the same period in 2018. Whilst, the lowest price was reported in November with USD 2,002 per Mt, recording a deficit by 9% as compared to the same period in 2018.
In 2020, the average export price of Brazilian pepper was reported at USD 2,082 per Mt, recording a 3% decreased as compared to 2019. In 2020, the highest price was reported to have reached USD 2,412 per Mt (December 2020) recording an increase of 19% as compared to the same period in 2019. Whilst, the lowest price was reported in June with USD 1,888 per Mt, recording a deficit by 17% as compared to the same period in 2019 .
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