INDIAN PEPPER PRICES MAY MOVE UP ON GLOBAL TREND

 June 05, 2020

 China’s increased buying has pushed up the global pepper prices, especially in Vietnam and Indonesia, while the rates in India have seen only a marginal improvement. Domestic growers, who have not benefited from the global price trend are hoping to see higher realisations on the anticipated pick-up in demand with the easing of the lockdown.

Prices have registered double-digit increases in Vietnam and Indonesia over the past one month, while in India it went up by 1.8 per cent. According to the International Pepper Community, Vietnam prices rose 18.54 per cent at $2621 per tonne on June 4 from $2211 in May 4. Likewise, Indonesian prices also posted 14.12 per cent increase from $2088 to $2383. However, Indian prices witnessed only a marginal rise at 1.8 per cent from $4,354 to $4,434. “So far, the Indian growers have not really benefited from the recent global price rise. However, we are hoping that prices would move up in the next few weeks with a likely pick-up in demand from North India after the easing of lockdown,” said MC Kariappa, Chairman of Kodagu Planters Association. Farm gate prices have moved up from around ₹290-300 levels two months ago to around ₹315-317 per kg.

High production cost

Kishore Shamji, Coordinator of Indian Pepper, Spice Traders, Growers Consortium-Kerala Chapter, said the Indian prices, which is hovering above $4,000, is already on the higher side due to high domestic demand equivalent to production. The higher prices have benefited farmers, but the high production cost is posing a problem. The cost of production can be reduced by improving productivity.

India is expecting 60,000 tonnes of production as against 55,000 tonnes last year. It is the intrinsic value of Indian pepper that brought selected buyers from the US, Canada, and Europe, who have special preference for Malabar Black Pepper or Tellicherry Garbled Extra Bold or Malabar Tellicherry Special Extra Bold, he added.

“It cannot be said that the prices of low quality pepper are rising in the international market. The prices that have dropped to $1,800 are now recovering as China becomes active and starts buying as much as the US does,” Shamji said.
However, the high piperine content of Sri Lankan pepper, which is above 10 per cent, has made the commodity from the island nation a preferred choice for the spices extraction industry after paying a premium price.

Price rise in Vietnam

Prakash Namboothiri, former president of All India Spices Exporters Forum, noted that the Vietnam pepper prices have witnessed a spike due to high buying from China and other markets because of a jump in business activities in the post-Covid situation. The Indian prices are already at 50-60 per cent higher levels than Vietnam. However, there has been a decent pick-up in Indian prices in the last couple of days.
According to him, the global pepper market last week saw some fluctuations as some speculators booked profits when the price has reached the expectation. However, the price has still increased 13.4 per cent within a week from May 25 to 31. Indian prices when compared to other origins are already 50-60 per cent higher to similar grades. India needs to work on reducing the cost of production to ensure the farmers to make more profits which should be the end benefit, he said.

Rosy outlook

An expert in the pepper sector said the absence of a domestic market has forced farmers in Vietnam and Indonesia to depend on international markets for sale at cheaper prices. The market for Indian pepper is mainly dependent on domestic demand, which is always constant. Since Indian prices are on the higher side, international buyers look for low-priced pepper. The pick-up in domestic demand is also likely to result in the inflow of pepper from countries such as Nepal and Sri Lanka.

However, the future of spices looks rosy as commodities such as pepper, ginger, and turmeric find application in immune therapy.




V Sajeev Kumar/Vishwanath Kulkarni Kochi/Bengaluru
https://www.thehindubusinessline.com/

IPC PEPPER MARKET REPORT No. 18/20, 27 April - 1 May 2020

LOCAL MARKETS

Market this week showed a rather positive outlook as only India origin was reported with a decrease. In local market, Malabar black pepper was reported with 1% deficit when compared to the previous week averaging at USD 4,121 per Mt. Indonesia black and white pepper were reported with an increase of 1% respectively as opposed to the previous week, averaging at USD 1,622 per Mt for black pepper and USD 2,823 per Mt for white pepper. The slight increase of Indonesia pepper could be contributed to the strengthening of Indonesian Rupiah against US Dollar (IDR 15,413 @ USD 1). Malaysia's black and white peppers were also reported with an increase of 1% respectively when compared to the previous week with an average of USD 1,701 per Mt for black pepper and USD 3,052 per Mt for white pepper. Furthermore, Viet Nam black pepper was reported with an increase of 1% as compared to the previous week at an average of USD 1,649 per Mt whilst Viet Nam white pepper was reported stable and unchanged. Sri Lanka black pepper was reported with an increase of 3% as compared to the previous week and was traded at an average of USD 2,680 per Mt. China white pepper was reported stable and unchanged.

INTERNATIONAL MARKET

International market also showed a rather positive outlook as only India origin was reported with a decrease. India black pepper was reported with the same 1% deficit when compared to the previous week at an average of USD 4,385 per Mt. Indonesia black and white pepper were reported with an increase of 1% respectively as compared to the previous week averaging at USD 2,005 per Mt for black pepper and USD 3,358 per Mt for white pepper. Malaysia black and white pepper continued to be traded stable and unchanged. Furthermore, Viet Nam black pepper 500 g/l, 550 g/l and Viet Nam white pepper were also reported stable and unchanged. China white pepper was reported steady and also unchanged.
Trade activity in US market this week was reported with moving slow due to the pandemic of corona virus with a wishful prospect the next month business will recommence though grinder/trading house stock limited. 

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#PEPPER - IPC MARKET REPORT No. 14/20, 30 March - 3 April 2020

As Viet Nam reportedly implemented a total nation-wide lockdown, starting 1 April 2020, in response of trying to flatten the curve of Corona Virus spreading, market this week showed a mixed response as only Viet Nam was reported with a decrease. In local market, Malabar black pepper was reported with an increase of 1% when compared to the previous week averaging at USD 4,219 per Mt. The increase of Malabar black pepper price could be contributed to the slight strengthening of Indian Rupee against US Dollar. Following the social distancing policy implemented in Indonesia some major markets in Lampung and Bangka, two major producing area of black and white pepper, are closed. Consequently, Indonesia black pepper was reported with a slight increase of 2% as opposed to the previous week averaging at USD 1,458 per Mt whilst Indonesia white pepper was reported stable at an average of USD 2,612 per Mt. Malaysia black and white pepper were reported with an increase of 1% respectively as comp ared to the previous week averaging at USD 1,703 per Mt for black pepper and USD 3,056 per Mt for white pepper. Furthermore, Viet Nam black and white pepper were reported with 2% deficit respectively when compared to the previous week and was traded at an average of USD 1,577 per Mt for black pepper and USD 2,381 per Mt for white pepper. Sri Lanka black pepper was traded with 1% deficit as opposed to the previous week at an average of USD 2,766 per Mt which could be contributed to the weakening of Sri Lankan Rupee against US Dollar. China white pepper was reported stable and was traded at an average of USD 4,214 per Mt locally.
International market showed a rather stable outlook with only Indonesia origin recorded an increase. India black pepper was reported stable at an average of USD 4,484 per Mt. Indonesia black pepper was reported with an increase of 2% as compared to the previous week averaging at USD 1,808 per Mt whilst Indonesia white pepper was reported stable averaging at USD 3,110 per Mt. Malaysia black and white pepper continued to be traded stable and unchanged. Furthermore, Viet Nam black pepper 500 g/l, 550 g/l and Viet Nam white pepper were also reported stable and unchanged. China white pepper was reported steady and was traded at an average of USD 4,414 per Mt.
Prices at US market this week was reported quite stable, though business had become slightly unpredictable and slow due to the nation-wide lockdown as US became country with the most active cases of Corona Virus with 228,874 (as of 3 April 2020) and 6,095 total death. Many pepper origins were still very cautious when prices were already at very low levels and unlikely to fall further when US Dollar strong against International local currencies. 

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IPC MARKET REVIEW - February 2020

PRICE HISTORY

As the outbreak of Corona Virus continued affecting around 109 countries all over the world with a death toll reaching 3,831 cases (as of 09 March), pepper price index for the 2th month of 2020 was reported with a negative outlook. The price index of black pepper for February was reported with a major decrease of 11.4% as compared with the previous month at 30.30 point (Table 1). In addition, when compared with February 2019, the price index of black pepper experienced 7% loss. Following the same trend, the price index of white pepper for February 2020 was also reported with a significant decrease as it recorded a 6.9% decrease as compared with previous month at 32.36 point. In comparison with the same period in 2019, the price index of white pepper experienced a more significant decrease by 13%.


In the 2th month of 2020, the composite price for both black and white pepper was reported with a negative outlook. Composite price of black pepper in February was reported at USD 2,254 per Mt, recording USD 290 per Mt loss as compared with January. Aligned with composite price of black pepper, composite price of white pepper was also reported with a rather significant loss as it dropped to USD 3,349 per Mt. Thus, recording USD 249 per Mt loss as compared with the previous month.


Pepper prices in the 2nd month of 2020, showed a negative outlook with Viet Nam origin recorded the highest decrease as opposed to the previous month. The farm gate price of black pepper in India was reported with a decrease by 3% as opposed to January, averaging at USD 4,390 per Mt (Table 3). In the local currency farm gate price of India black pepper was traded at an average of INR 313 per Kg. The decrease of India black pepper price could be contributed to the harvest season currently in full swing as well as the depreciation of Indian Rupee against US Dollar.

The price of black pepper in Indonesia (Lampung black pepper) was reported with a decrease by 3% as opposed to the previous month, averaging at of USD 1,742 per Mt. The decrease of Indonesia black pepper could be contributed to the sluggish demand and the weakening of Indonesia's local currency against the US Dollar (IDR 13,776 for USD 1). In local currency, the price of Indonesia black pepper decreased to an average of IDR 24,000 per Kg from IDR 24,614 per Kg

In February 2020, the farm gate price of Malaysia's black pepper was reported with a decrease by 4% as compared to the previous month, averaging at USD 1,800 per Mt. The decrease of Malaysia black pepper could be contributed to the decrease of pepper price in local currency and the weakening of Malaysia's local currency against the US Dollar (MYR 4.16 for USD 1) or a depreciation by 2% when compared with the January. In local currency, the price of Malaysia black pepper decreased to an average of MYR 7,490 per Kg from MYR 7,621 per Kg.

Furthermore, farm gate price of black pepper in Viet Nam was reported to have decreased by 6% as opposed to January averaging at USD 1,613 per Mt. The decrease of Viet Nam black pepper price could be contributed to the harvest season currently in full swing. In local currency, the price of Viet Nam black pepper decreased to an average of VND 38,500 per Kg from VND 40,875 per Kg.

Sri Lanka black pepper was reported with a staggering 11% deficit as opposed to January and was reported at an average of USD 2,931 per Mt. The decrease of Sri Lanka black pepper could be contributed to sufficient stock following end of harvest in January. In local currency, the price of Sri Lanka black pepper decreased to an average of LKR 531.92 per Kg from LKR 586.72 per Kg.

BLACK PEPPER
FOB price of black pepper for February 2020 also showed a negative outlook with only Malaysia origin was reported stable. India was reported with the same 3% decrease when compared to the January, averaging at USD 4,670 per Mt (Table 4). Furthermore, the FOB price of black pepper in Indonesia was also reported with a decrease by 2% as opposed to January, averaging at USD 2,161 per Mt. FOB price of Malaysian black pepper was reported stable at an average of USD 3,685 per Mt. Furthermore, FOB price of Viet Nam black pepper 500 g/l and 550 g/l were reported with a significant decrease by 16% and 14% respectively as compared to the previous month at an average of USD 1,964 per Mt and USD 2,060 per Mt respectively.

WHITE PEPPER
Farm gate prices of white pepper in February 2020 also showed a negative outlook (Table 5) as only Indonesia origin was reported stable. Indonesia Muntok white pepper was reported stable at average of USD 3,122 per Mt. In local currency, the price of Muntok white pepper was reported at an average of IDR 43,000 per Kg. Farm gate price of Malaysia white pepper was reported with a decrease by 3% as opposed to January at an average of USD 3,211 per Mt. Furthermore, Viet Nam white pepper was reported with a significant decrease by 8% when compare to the previous month, averaging at USD 2,409 per Mt. China market continued to be reported inactive in February as no business took place due to the outbreak of Corona Virus.


FOB price of white pepper showed a rather stable outlook with only Viet Nam origin was reported with a decrease. FOB price of Indonesia white pepper for February 2020 was reported stable, averaging at USD 3,716 per Mt. Furthermore, FOB price of Malaysia white pepper continued to be reported stable and unchanged. Whilst, FOB price of Viet Nam white pepper was reported with a significant dropped of 12% at an average of USD 3,069 per Mt .

 

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#PEPPER MARKET UPDATE 9TH MARCH 2020 – WEEK 11

Vietnam has exported roughly 25,600 tons of pepper in February, bringing the total pepper exported in the last 2 months to 40,600 tons, an increase of 11% compared to the first 2 months of 2019. We forecast March the total export volume will be easy to reach from 32 to 35,000 tons. All details data that we will collect and send you within next week.

Under the influence of #Corona Virus, the pepper market in Vietnam has had certain effects when prices decreased slightly over the weekend due to low demand and psychological factors affecting commodity prices. Furthermore, almost exporters covered enough raw material for Feb/First week March shipment and now keep sidelined.

After easier tone, the market has shown signs of recovery with some demand from India/Nepal and Eastern Europe. The USA market also recorded some demand for further shipment from June to December. However, business were slow due to collector/exporters/speculator prefer to offer promptly shipment and hesitating to offer full year shipment. In contrast to many other countries, Vietnam currency has strengthened against the USD and expected to continue until the second quarter of 2020 (equivalent to a price increased of about 10$/Mt).

China It seems has better control of the disease and we hope the situation will settled down soon. Border traded still tight and under strict control with costly. However, likely demand are returning soon. China reported trading its white pepper internationally with an average of USD 4,375 per Mt.

India as the harvest come to full swing Malabar black pepper was traded with a 4% discount on the price as compared to the previous week, averaging at USD 4,203 per Mt. Currency depreciation than USD from  last week.

Indonesia black and white pepper also down around 1 and 2% respectively at an average of USD 1,684 per Mt for black pepper and USD 3,053 per Mt for white pepper. Indonesian Rupiah also weakening than USD with 2% depreciation.

Malaysian an increase of 1% as opposed to the previous week, averaging at USD 1,767 per Mt for black pepper and USD 3,172 per Mt for white pepper.

Sri Lanka was also reported steady at an average of USD 2,937 per Mt.

Brazil market we heard continue firm and less offer from farmers/collectors. USD stronger against with Real.

 









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PEPPER MARKET UPDATE 2ND MARCH 2020 – WEEK 10

Vietnam pepper price has increased by 10% in the past two weeks. The price of material from the VND 36,500 has increased to VND 40,000 today. Despite being in the harvest season, raw material prices continue to rise steadily due to the following main reasons;

- At these level, many farmers are at a loss, almost all consider storing pepper. Farmers and domestic agent prefer to sell other agricultural products like Coffee to cover temporary costs and store as much pepper as possible. As their perspective, pepper is the most attractive to invest compared to other agricultural products.

- Pepper price is at low level, it has stimulated many exporters/agents to buy stocks. Especially, there are large enterprises with FDI capital actively participating and pushing the market up sharply in the past week. Pepper harvesting fully swing in all area in Vietnam however it is not easy to buy large quantities from last week.

- Although cross-border transactions with China are still very difficult and costly, there have been some Chinese businessmen buying and stockpiling in Vietnam. They feeling pepper price was good and waiting for better clearance opportunities. It’s stimulated the market to increased until now.

- Several exporters are big short and have to buying raw material in secret for the ordered in the first quarter 2020.

China The situation of Corona Virus has been better controlled and real demand is gradually returning to the border. However, customs clearance is still slow due to many procedures and costs.

India In local market, Malabar black pepper was traded with a 2% deficit as compared to the previous week, averaging at USD 4,372 per Mt.

Indonesia black and white pepper were reported with a 2% deficit respectively when compared to the previous week.

Malaysian black and white pepper were also traded domestically with a 2% and 1% deficit respectively as opposed to the previous week.

Sri Lanka black pepper was reported steady at an average of USD 2,929 per Mt.

Brazil  Continue to offer competitive prices but not much quantity. The Brazilian currency, which has depreciated against the US dollar by more than 10% since january, has also kept Brazil pepper prices at low level. However, we would not be surprised if the Brazilian market continues to increase follow Vietnam.

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IPC SPECIAL ISSUE ON CLOVES - FEBRUARY, 2020 -FINAL

PART 2 - FINAL

#CLOVES #INDONESIA EXPORT FIGURES, PRICES


As the top producers of cloves in the world, Indonesia actively exports cloves to various countries. In 2017, Indonesia was reported to have exported a total of 9,089 Mt of cloves from which 95% or 8,675 Mt of it comprised of whole cloves and 5% or 414 Mt of it ground cloves. Indonesia on average exported a total of 757 Mt per month which peaked in February with 1,484 Mt. The total revenue of Indonesia’s export of cloves in 2017 was reported to be as high as USD 28.9 Million. Thus, recording an average price of the total cloves exported by Indonesia at USD 3,104 per Mt for whole cloves and USD 4,823 per Mt for ground cloves.
Year 2018 saw an increase in term of quantity of cloves exported by Indonesia. Indonesia was reported to have exported a total of 20,246 Mt of which 95% or 19,183 Mt of it comprised of whole cloves and 5% or 1,063 Mt of it ground cloves, recording a total increase of 123% when compared with 2017. The average export of cloves by Indonesia in 2018 was reported to be at 1,687 Mt per month which peaked in November with 5,132 Mt. In accordance with increasing in terms of quantity, Indonesia’s revenue from cloves export was reported to have increased by 252% to a total of USD 101.7 Million as compared to the previous year. Thus, recording an average price of the total cloves exported by Indonesia at USD 4,995 per Mt for whole cloves and USD 5,581 per Mt for ground cloves or an increase of 61% and 16% respectively as compared with 2017.

In 2019, Indonesia was reported to have exported a total of 25,990 Mt of which 96% or 24,971 Mt of it comprised of whole cloves and 4% or 1,019 Mt of it ground cloves. Thus, recording a total increase of 28% when compared to 2018. By the end of 2019, the total revenue of cloves export by Indonesia was reported to have reached USD 111.5 Million, recording an increase of 10% as compared to 2018. The average price of the total cloves exported by Indonesia in 2019 was reported at USD 4,289 per Mt for whole cloves and 4,346 per Mt for ground clovesor a decrease by 14% and 22% respectively as compared with 2018.

Furthermore, in the past three years export of cloves and pepper by Indonesia had been reported with an increase. Although Indonesia is the world largest cloves producer in the world, export quantity and value of cloves from Indonesia was reported to be inferior to pepper export. The total quantity of cloves export in the past three years was reported at 55,326 Mt whilst the total quantity of pepper export was reported with 142,082 Mt. Thus, recording the annual ratio quantity of Indonesia export between cloves and pepper during 2017-2019 at 1:5, 1:2 and 1:2 respectively. The total value of cloves export in the past three years was reported as high as USD 242.2 Million whilst the total value of pepper export was reported as high as USD 535.7 Million. Thus, recording the annual ratio value of Indonesia export between cloves and pepper during 2017-2019 at 1:8, 1:1 and 1:1 per year respectively

During 2017-2019, the average export price of cloves for both whole and ground by Indonesia had fluctuated (Table 8). In 2017, the average export prices of cloves by Indonesia was recorded at USD 3,263 per Mt for whole cloves and USD 6,780 per Mt for ground cloves. The highest average export price of cloves from Indonesia in 2017 was recorded in September with USD 5,439 per Mt for whole cloves and in November with USD 15,452 per Mt for ground cloves whilst the lowest average export price was recorded in June with USD 1,635 per Mt for whole cloves and in March with only USD 922 per Mt for ground cloves.

Year 2018, saw an increase in the average export price for both whole and ground cloves by Indonesia, the average export prices of whole cloves by Indonesia was reported at USD 5,062 per Mt for whole cloves and USD 9,008 per Mt for ground cloves. Thus, recording an increase of 55% and 33% respectively when compared to 2017. The highest average export price of cloves from Indonesia in 2018 was recorded in February with USD 6,256 per Mt for whole cloves and USD 28,845 per Mt for ground cloves which also occurred in the same month. Whilst, the lowest average export price was recorded in May with USD 3,506 per Mt for whole cloves and in April with USD 2,080 per Mt for ground cloves.

Contrary with 2018, the average export prices of cloves by Indonesia in 2019 saw a decreasing trend. The average export prices of whole cloves by Indonesia was reported at USD 4,333 per Mt for whole cloves and USD 4,526 per Mt for ground cloves.Thus, recording a decrease by 14% and 50% respectively when compared to 2018. The highest average export price of cloves by Indonesia in 2019 was recorded in June with USD 5,248 per Mt for whole cloves and in December with USD 10,714 per Mt for ground cloves. Whilst, the lowest average export price of cloves was recorded in December with USD 3,538 per Mt for whole cloves and in November with only USD 975 per Mt for ground cloves

Cloves export by Indonesia was reported to be shipped through ports and airports all over the Indonesia such as Java, Sumatera, Sulawesi and Bali (Table 9). Based on the port of origin, the top five origins for cloves export by Indonesia in 2019 were reported to be Port of Tanjung Perak, Surabaya with 23,108 Mt (contributed to 89% of the total export from Indonesia), Port of Tanjung Priok, Jakarta with 1,204 Mt (5%), Port of Tanjung Emas, Semarang with 985 Mt (4%), Port of Belawan, Medan with 304 Mt (1%) and Port of Panjang, Lampung with 232 Mt (1%). Furthermore, cloves export from Indonesia was also reported to be flown through airport such as Juanda (Surabaya), Ngurah Rai (Bali), Soekarno-Hatta (Jakarta) and Kuala Namu (Medan) though its quantity was insignificant when compared to quantity of cloves export through the ports.

Cloves from Indonesia are globally traded in Asia, America, Africa and European Countries (Table 10). In 2019, Indonesia’s top 5 Country of destinations for its cloves were reported to be India with 9,638 Mt (an increase of 115% as compared with 2018), Viet Nam with 2,158 Mt (a decrease of 59%), Saudi Arabia with 2,100 Mt (an increase of 17%), United Arab Emirates with 1,820 Mt (an increase of 125%) and Pakistan with 1,559 Mt (an increase of 2%). In terms of value, Indonesia’s top 5 contributors for its cloves export revenue were reported to be India with USD 34.8 Million, Saudi Arabia with 12.3 Million,United Arab Emirates with 8.6 Million, Singapore with USD 8.2 Million and Pakistan with 7.0 Million

Farm gate price of cloves in Indonesia in the first quarter of 2019 fluctuated with a rather negatively outlook (Table 12). During that period, in several regency of cloves producer, clove farm gate price was reported to have recorded the highest price with IDR 100,000 per Kg (USD 7.0 per Kg) in January and February at Bima Regency and in January at Cianjur Regency, whilst the lowest price occurred in February at Ende Regency with only IDR 79,000 per Kg (USD 5.6 per Kg). Furthermore, the average farm gate price of cloves in most regions in Indonesia during January-April 2019 was recorded at IDR 85,139 per Kg (USD 6.02 per Kg).

This report was elaborated under the supervision of International Pepper Community and information provided by the sources below:
- International Trade Centre (ITC) - Geneva
- Food and Agricultural Organization (FAO)
- Agricultural Commodity Export-Import Database, Ministry of Agriculture of the Republic of Indonesia
- Agricultural Commodity Price Information, Ministry of Agriculture of the Republic of Indonesia
- Directorate General of Estate Crops, Ministry of Agriculture of the Republic of Indonesia

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IPC SPECIAL ISSUE ON CLOVES - FEBRUARY, 2020 PART 1

#CLOVES #INDONESIA

A little bit of History


The distribution of clove plants out of the Moluccas began in 1769. The spread of clove plants to regions of Indonesia such as Java, Sumatra and Kalimantan began in 1870. Today, clove plants have spread throughout the world.

Producing Areas

In 2019, the top 10 largest area of cloves cultivation were estimated to be North Sulawesi Province with 74,940 Ha, Central Sulawesi Province with 71,704 Ha, South Sulawesi Province with 63,136 Ha, East Java Province with 46,043 Ha, Maluku Province with 44,161 Ha, Central Java Province with 42,037 Ha, West Java Province with 35,697 Ha, South East Sulawesi with 31,388 Ha, Aceh Province with 25,530 Ha and North Maluku Province with 21,157 Ha.

Harvest in Indonesia

Harvest season in various producing area in Indonesia varied depending on the local climatic conditions. In Sumatra Island: flower buds grow between October - November and the harvest season is around April - June. Whilst, in Java Island: flower buds grow from November to January, so the harvest falls in May - July. In Maluku Island: flower buds grow between May - July and harvest season is between October - January. Whilst, in other areas the harvest occurred between July - October. Though, generally clove flowering and harvesting in Indonesia occur once a year, the harvest lasts a minimum of three months. Normally, cloves planting at 15 - 20 years of age would be able to produce around 3 kg per tree.

Uses of Cloves in Indonesia

In 2018, Indonesia as the largest producer of cloves in the world contributed to 74% or 123,399 Mt of global production and followed by Madagascar with 14% or 23,325 Mt. Since the 21st century, Indonesia became the largest cloves producer and consumer countries. Cloves in Indonesia are mostly used to supply the cigarette factories. Therefore, from the industrial side, Indonesia domestic production has met the needs of the processing sector. Furthermore, in 2019 the need for processing sector was estimated at 110,000 Mt which was around 83% of the total production and was fully absorbed by cigarette companies such as PT. Djarum Kudus, PT. Gudang Garam, PT. Sampoerna, etc.

Area of Production

The area under cloves cultivation in Indonesia fluctuated with a rather increasing trend. During 1961-2018 Indonesia area of plantation was reported with significant increase of 541,212 Ha. The average increase of cloves area of plantation in the course of half century was recorded 9% per year with the highest increase recorded in 1968 with an increase of 96% as compared with the previous year. In 2018, the area under cloves cultivation in Indonesia recorded the largest ever in the history with a total of 561,212 Ha, recording an increase of 2% when compared to 2017. Furthermore, for the year 2019 the area under cloves cultivation was estimated to increase by 2% to 571,305 Ha. The increase in the area of cloves plantation could be contributed to the massive cloves demand from domestic and international cloves market (Table 2).

Production of Cloves

Indonesian production of cloves during 1961-2018 was also fluctuated with a rather positive trend, recording an increase of 116,399 Mt to a total of 123,399 Mt in 2018. The average increase of cloves production in the past 58 year was reported by 11% per year with the highest increase recorded in 1966 with an increase of 103% as compared to the previous year. Furthermore, the highest production of Indonesia cloves was reported in 2015 with 139,641 Mt whilst the lowest occurred in 1962 with only 6,600 Mt. In addition, production of Indonesia cloves in 2019 was estimated to decrease by 3% when compared to 2018 to a total of 120,000 Mt.

Productivity

Cloves productivity in Indonesia during 1961-2018 was reported to be fluctuated with a rather stable trend. In the past 3 years cloves productivity in Indonesia saw decreasing trend to a total of 220 Kg per Ha in 2018. Since 1961 to 2018, cloves productivity in Indonesia was reported with a decrease by 37%. The average increase of cloves productivity in Indonesia was reported at 2% per year and the highest was reported in 1973 with 483 Kg per Ha whilst the lowest occurred in 1985 with only 144 Kg per Ha (Table 3). Furthermore, in 2019, Indonesia cloves productivity was estimated at 210 Kg per Ha or a decrease of 4% as compared to 2018. Despite Indonesian Government efforts in recent years developing a superior seed of clove which could be used by planters to replanting old or damaged plants andalso to boost the productivity of cloves plantations as well as the Directorate General of Plantations of Indonesia application of good agricultural practices (GAP) to clove plantation in vario us clove producing area, Indonesia's clove productivity was yet to show an increase trend following a decreasing streak which started in 2016.

SEE NEXT TOMORROW - EXPORTS & PRICES

This report was elaborated under the supervision of International Pepper Community and information provided by the sources below:
- International Trade Centre (ITC) - Geneva
- Food and Agricultural Organization (FAO)
- Agricultural Commodity Export-Import Database, Ministry of Agriculture of the Republic of Indonesia
- Agricultural Commodity Price Information, Ministry of Agriculture of the Republic of Indonesia
- Directorate General of Estate Crops, Ministry of Agriculture of the Republic of Indonesia

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IPC- SPECIAL ISSUE ON CLOVE - FEBRUARY, 2020 EXTRACT

Starting this week we´ll be publishing a comprehensive report about Cloves Market, docused on Indonesia.
Due to extension of the information we are publishing extracts with important information.
Follow us next week to get a comprehensive picture of present days Cloves Situation.

This report was elaborated under the supervision of International Pepper Community and information provided by the sources below:
- International Trade Centre (ITC) - Geneva
- Food and Agricultural Organization (FAO)
- Agricultural Commodity Export-Import Database, Ministry of Agriculture of the Republic of Indonesia
- Agricultural Commodity Price Information, Ministry of Agriculture of the Republic of Indonesia
- Directorate General of Estate Crops, Ministry of Agriculture of the Republic of Indonesia


SUMMARIZING

Farm gate price of cloves in Indonesia in the first quarter of 2019 fluctuated with a rather negatively outlook (Table 12). During that period, in several regency of cloves producer, clove farm gate price was reported to have recorded the highest price with IDR 100,000 per Kg (USD 7.0 per Kg) in January and February at Bima Regency and in January at Cianjur Regency, whilst the lowest price occurred in February at Ende Regency with only IDR 79,000 per Kg (USD 5.6 per Kg). Furthermore, the average farm gate price of cloves in most regions in Indonesia during January-April 2019 was recorded at IDR 85,139 per Kg (USD 6.02 per Kg).

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CHECK NEXT WEEK FOR THE FULL REPORT

IPC MARKET REPORT No. 01/20, 30 Dec. 2019 - 03 Jan 2020

LOCAL MARKET
Market at the end of 2019 and the beginning of 2020 showed mixed response with only Indonesia and Malaysia origins recorded an increase. In local market, Malabar black pepper was traded with a 1% deficit as compared to the previous week with an average of USD 4,627 per Mt. In local currency, Malabar black pepper was traded at an average of RS 330 per Kg. Indonesia black pepper was reported stable at an average of USD 1,761 per Mt. Whilst, Indonesia white pepper was reported with an increase of 2% as compared to the previous week averaging at USD 3,091 per Mt. The increase of Indonesia white pepper could be contributed to the increase of the price in local currency which averaging at IDR 43,000 per Kg. Malaysian black and white pepper recorded an increase of 1% respectively at an average of USD 1,860 per Mt for black pepper and USD 3,292 per Mt for white pepper. Furthermore, Viet Nam black pepper was reported with a 1% deficit as opposed to the previous week at an average of USD 1,738 per Mt. Whilst, Viet Nam white pepper was reported steady at an average of USD 2,626 per Mt. Sri Lanka black pepper continued to be traded with a deficit and this week by 3% as compared to the previous week at an average of USD 3,607 per Mt. China white pepper was reported stable at an average of USD 4,338 per Mt.

INTERNATIONAL MKT
International market showed a rather stable outlook this week with only Indonesia origin recorded an increase. FOB price of India black pepper was reported with the same 1% deficit as compared to the previous week at an average of USD 4,907 per Mt. Indonesia black pepper was reported steady with an average of USD 2,181 per Mt. Whilst, Indonesia white pepper was reported with an increase of 2% as compared to the previous week with an average of USD 3,680 per Mt. Malaysia black and white pepper continued to be traded stable and unchanged. Furthermore, Viet Nam black pepper 500 g/l, 550 g/l and Viet Nam white pepper were reported stable and unchanged. In international market China was reported steady with an average of USD 4,438 per Mt.

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TRYING TO UNDERSTAND BLACK PEPPER MARKET

A Client asked me today:

" Why Brazilian Black Pepper has been cheaper then Vietnam for such long time ?
I´ve been in the market for 6 years now and I never seen such situation !"

Well, neither I know.
I´ve been trying to understand the reasons but cannot find a reasonable answers for 2 questions:
Why brazilian pepper had been cheaper for all year long, and
Why Pepper price in general decreased that much in the last seasons ?

Average prices for B1 550g black pepper in 2002 were U$D 1,500/ton
Than in 2006/2007 it started to rise to U$D1,800 /U$R 2,000 / U$D 2,250... ended the 2007 quoted at U$D 3,700
After a relatively smooth 2008 and 2009 it climbed to U$D 4,200 at the end of 2010.
Beginning 2011 it went from U$D4,200 to U$D 7,000 and from then it was always quoted in the range ofU$  7 - 8,000, with a peak of U$D 9,000 in 2015.
In the middle of2017 it started to fall ending the year at U$D 3,600 and now is averaging U$D 2,000 - back to 12 years ago !
If inflation is considered, the present price is even lower that the one of 2002.

WHY ??? What happened to pull the prices to such behaviour ?  And what´s is to come now ???

Therefore I invite you to write a guess about these 2 questions and further try to make a preview for the next year or even more extended. Please write to manager@peppertrade.com.br

The answers for these questions will be published on our blog and FB page, and if you desire we´ll mention your name and mail adress.

Let´s see if we find a consensus

Thank you all
Michail Wagapoff

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